Mishayl Hanan

You start your journey in machine learning by building models—training classifiers, tuning hyperparameters, and optimizing metrics. At this stage, success is often measured by accuracy, precision, or recall on a

When you step into an Android System Design interview, you are no longer being evaluated as someone who can simply build screens or write Kotlin code efficiently. Instead, you are

When you first introduce caching into a system, the results can feel almost magical. Your application becomes faster, database load drops, and response times improve significantly. However, as traffic grows

When you start designing systems that need to handle millions of users and requests, traditional database approaches begin to show their limitations. You quickly realize that scaling relational databases requires

When you start designing relational databases, one of the first real challenges you encounter is defining how data connects across tables. At that point, primary keys and foreign keys stop

When you design a system, one of the most important questions you should ask yourself is how users interact with it. Some systems primarily serve data to users, while others

When you hear the term reliability in System Design, you should think about one core question: Can this system continue to function correctly even when things go wrong? In modern

When you first hear the term high availability, it is easy to associate it with uptime percentages like 99.9% or 99.99%. While these numbers are important, high availability in System

When you first learn about distributed systems, the CAP theorem feels like the ultimate framework for understanding trade-offs. However, as you gain more experience, you begin to notice that CAP